{"id":153,"date":"2013-11-01T16:13:06","date_gmt":"2013-11-01T14:13:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/?p=153"},"modified":"2013-11-01T16:13:06","modified_gmt":"2013-11-01T14:13:06","slug":"2014-butcesi-uzerine-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/?p=153","title":{"rendered":"2014 B\u00fct\u00e7esi \u00dczerine 1"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Dr.<\/a>
Dr. Erkan AYDO\u011eANO\u011eLU
E\u011fitim-Sen E\u011fitim Uzman\u0131-\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ekonomisi Doktoru<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2014 B\u00fct\u00e7esi \u00dczerine -I<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dr. Erkan AYDO\u011eANO\u011eLU<\/strong>*<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00e7eler, bir \u00fclke ekonomisinin, ekonomi y\u00f6netimini elinde bulunduran siyaset mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n temel s\u0131n\u0131fsal y\u00f6nelimlerini, b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirlerinin nas\u0131l toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, toplanan gelirden kimlerin ne kadar pay alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirlendi\u011fi belgeler olarak, siyasi iktidar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal tercihlerini yans\u0131tan metinlerdir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kapitalist sisteme uyum sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla al\u0131nan 24 Ocak 1980 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hayata ge\u00e7irilme s\u00fcrecinden bu yana kurulan b\u00fct\u00fcn h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, \u00fclke ekonomisinin bir y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki gelir ve harcama kalemlerini g\u00f6steren b\u00fct\u00e7eleri olu\u015ftururken halk\u0131n ya da toplumun de\u011fil, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 sermaye \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve beklentileri do\u011frultusunda hareket etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

1980 sonras\u0131 olu\u015fturulan merkezi b\u00fct\u00e7elerin piyasa mekanizmas\u0131 ile h\u0131zl\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme i\u00e7ine girmesi, kamuya (halka) ait kaynaklar\u0131n, kamu hizmetlerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki alanlara aktar\u0131larak, kamu hizmetlerinin h\u0131zla piyasa ili\u015fkileri i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekilmesi sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015f, bu durum her y\u0131l yap\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00e7e kanunlar\u0131na da yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00e7e kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 sorunu g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finde ya da kaynaklar\u0131n herkesin ihtiyac\u0131na g\u00f6re adilce b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi talep edildi\u011finde, kaynaklar\u0131n denetimini elinde tutan siyasi iktidar temsilcileri hemen \u201ckaynak yok\u201d yalan\u0131na sar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u0131rf bu durumun kendisi bile, b\u00fct\u00e7e kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde uygulamada tek s\u00f6z sahibi olan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin s\u0131n\u0131fsal tercihlerini a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Yoksul halk kesimlerinin, emek\u00e7ilerin talepleri g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011finde \u201ckaynak yok\u201d yalan\u0131na sar\u0131lanlar, halk\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 kuru\u015fluk kazanc\u0131n\u0131 elinden almak i\u00e7in her f\u0131rsatta yeni vergilere ve zamlara ba\u015fvurmaktan \u00e7ekinmemektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de vergi gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fccretli emek\u00e7ilerin gelirleri \u00fczerinden kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rken, i\u015f gelirlerin b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne gelince b\u00fct\u00e7eden en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pay\u0131 alanlar\u0131n gelirlerinin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 vergilere giden \u00fccretli emek\u00e7iler oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir.<\/p>\n

AKP\u2019nin 11 y\u0131ll\u0131k iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde b\u00fct\u00e7eler \u00fczerinden gittik\u00e7e yoksulla\u015fan halk\u0131n s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u00fcklenen dolayl\u0131 vergiler s\u00fcrekli artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk\u0131n geni\u015f bir kesimi artan vergiler ve zamlar alt\u0131nda ezilirken, patronlara \u201cte\u015fvik\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kaynak transferleri, vergi indirimleri, faiz \u00f6demelerinde sa\u011flanan \u00e7e\u015fitli avantajlar, \u00f6zellikle iktidara yak\u0131n holdinglerin vergi bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn silinmesi gibi uygulamalar h\u0131z kesmeden devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, 11 y\u0131ll\u0131k AKP iktidar\u0131 d\u00f6neminde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u0131\u015f kaynak giri\u015fine, ba\u015fka bir ifade ile \u201cs\u0131cak paraya\u201d ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131, y\u00fcksek cari a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n finansman\u0131na dayal\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisi izlemi\u015ftir. Bu strateji bilimsel raporlarda \u201cistihdams\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcme stratejisi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren y\u00fcksek b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131 tersine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve ekonominin durgunlu\u011fa girmesi ile birlikte b\u00fcy\u00fcme oranlar\u0131nda hedeflerin alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 b\u00fct\u00e7esi, kimin i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r? <\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 B\u00fct\u00e7e Tasar\u0131s\u0131, TBMM\u2019ye sunulmu\u015f, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131na ili\u015fkin tahmini gelir ve harcama kalemleri a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in milli gelir (GSYH) 1 trilyon 719 milyar TL olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 4, enflasyon oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 5,3 olarak tahmin edilmesi inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan uzakt\u0131r. IMF, D\u00fcnya Ekonomik G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm raporunda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcme oran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 3,5 olarak tahmin etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Gerek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin mevcut ekonomik performans\u0131, gerekse d\u00fcnya ekonomisindeki durgunluk belirtileri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin sadece 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda de\u011fil, sonraki y\u0131llarda da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fcme rakamlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Hedeflenen enflasyonun y\u00fczde 5,3 olarak belirlenmesi, \u00f6zellikle son y\u0131llarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen enflasyon oranlar\u0131n\u0131n hedeflenenin \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

2014 b\u00fct\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 436,3 milyar TL olarak \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 2014 b\u00fct\u00e7e giderlerinin ekonomik s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir;<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 Y\u0131l\u0131 Merkezi Y\u00f6netim B\u00fct\u00e7e Giderleri<\/b>*<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

B\u00fct\u00e7e Giderleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gider miktar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n

Personel giderleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

110 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Cari Transferler<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

163,6 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Faiz Giderleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

52 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Mal ve Hizmet Al\u0131m Giderleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

37,6 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Sermaye Giderleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

36,7 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Devlet<\/p>\n

Primi Giderleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

18,9 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Bor\u00e7 Verme<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

7,6 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Sermaye Transferleri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6,5 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Yedek \u00d6denekler<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

3,5 milyar TL<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 Y\u0131l\u0131 Merkezi Y\u00f6netim B\u00fct\u00e7e Kanunu Tasar\u0131s\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re 2014 mali y\u0131l\u0131 genel b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00f6denekleri toplam\u0131 (Hazine yard\u0131mlar\u0131 ve gelirden ayr\u0131lan pay hari\u00e7) 436,3 milyar TL olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

2014 b\u00fct\u00e7e tasar\u0131s\u0131, AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin y\u0131llard\u0131r izledi\u011fi ve b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirlerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck kalemini olu\u015fturan ve halktan al\u0131nan vergilere dayanan temel vergi rejiminin de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin 11 y\u0131ld\u0131r benimsemi\u015f oldu\u011fu vergi rejiminin en temel \u00f6zelli\u011fi, toplam vergi gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerden al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durumu 2014 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki vergi gelirlerindeki art\u0131\u015fa bakarak da g\u00f6rebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 Y\u0131l\u0131 Vergi Gelirleri<\/b>*<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\n

2014 b\u00fct\u00e7e tasar\u0131s\u0131nda vergi gelirleri i\u00e7inde ilk \u00fc\u00e7 s\u0131ray\u0131 \u00d6zel T\u00fcketim Vergisi (89,4 milyar TL), Gelir Vergisi (70,8 milyar TL) ve KDV\u2019nin (31,1 milyar TL) olu\u015fturmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Vergi geliri hedefleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tabloda g\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. 2013 b\u00fct\u00e7e kanununda, \u00d6zel T\u00fcketim Vergisi gelirinin 83 milyar TL olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 artan b\u00fct\u00e7e giderlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sonucunda, 2013 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme tahmini 87 milyar TL olmu\u015ftur. Bu durum, benzer bir vergi art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde de g\u00fcndeme gelebilece\u011fini, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmetin her ba\u015f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu vergi artt\u0131rma politikas\u0131na yine ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin \u00f6dedi\u011fi gelir vergisinin 63 milyar TL\u2019den 71 milyar TL\u2019ye y\u00fckseltilmesi, vergi y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda da emek\u00e7ilerin s\u0131rt\u0131na y\u0131k\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6zellikle artan oranl\u0131 vergi dilimi uygulamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00fccretlilerin gelirleri fiilen erimekte, \u00f6zellikle kamu emek\u00e7ilerine verilen maa\u015f zamm\u0131 \u201cvergi dilimi\u201d uygulamas\u0131 ile geri al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda enflasyonun y\u00fczde 6\u2019dan fazla \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda 2014 i\u00e7in kamu emek\u00e7ilerine enflasyon fark\u0131 \u00f6denmeyece\u011finden 2,5 milyon kamu emek\u00e7isinden en az 1,5 milyonunun sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde reel olarak azalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda emek\u00e7ilerin krizi derinle\u015fecek<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de enflasyon ve i\u015fsizli\u011fin istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131, reel \u00fccretlerde ya\u015fanan gerilemeler, emek\u00e7i ailelerin ge\u00e7imlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bor\u00e7lanarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, emek\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2014 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a zor ge\u00e7ece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Emek\u00e7i aileleri, televizyon ve gazetelerde s\u00fcrekli piyasalar\u0131n, borsan\u0131n, d\u00f6viz ve faizlerin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemde, en temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bile bor\u00e7lanarak kar\u015f\u0131layabilirken, krizi her ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n her alan\u0131nda, hatta her nefes al\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bizzat hissederek ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Kapitalistler, emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olmalar\u0131n\u0131n da verdi\u011fi avantajla, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 krizlerden kendi s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n savunucusu olan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yard\u0131m\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131ksalar bile, emek\u00e7inin g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n somut bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelen kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131 giderek derinle\u015fmekte, geni\u015f halk kesimleri ciddi bir bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hanehalk\u0131n\u0131n Kredi Bor\u00e7lar\u0131 (2002-2013)<\/b>*<\/b><\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
 <\/p>\n

Y\u0131llar<\/td>\n

\n

T\u00fcketici kredileri<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kredi kartlar\u0131<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\n

Toplam<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2,3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4.1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6,4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2003<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

6.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2004<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

12,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26,7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2005<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

28,5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

17,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45.5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2006<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

46,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

21.2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

67.4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2007<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65,6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

25,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

91,4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2008<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

81,1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32.8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

113,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2009<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

89,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

34,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

124.6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2010<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

124,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

43,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

168,1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2011<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

162,1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

53,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

216,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2012<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

185,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

68,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

254,7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2013<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

216,4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

83,5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

299,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

AKP\u2019nin iktidarda oldu\u011fu son 11 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ekonomik anlamda b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar att\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u201d ekonomileri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilmektedir. Ancak T\u00fcrkiye ekonomisi, The Economist dergisi taraf\u0131ndan olas\u0131 bir kriz kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cen k\u0131r\u0131lgan ekonomiler\u201d aras\u0131nda listenin ilk s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tespitin ne kadar hakl\u0131 oldu\u011funu sadece hanehalk\u0131n\u0131n kredi bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n son 11 y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki geli\u015fimine bakarak g\u00f6rebilmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Resmi verilere g\u00f6re, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de t\u00fcketici kredisi borcu miktar\u0131 son 11 y\u0131lda 94 kat, kredi kart\u0131 borcu ise 20 kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda halk\u0131n t\u00fcketici kredisi ve kredi kart\u0131 borcu toplam\u0131 sadece 6,4 milyar TL iken, son 11 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde tam 46 kat artarak, 300 milyar TL\u2019ye y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. Burada as\u0131l dikkat edilmesi gereken nokta toplam hane halk\u0131 bor\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 40\u2019\u0131n\u0131n ayl\u0131k geliri 1000 TL\u2019nin alt\u0131nda olanlar taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131, kredi bor\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 54\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fccretli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda geri \u00f6denemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in yasal takip ba\u015flat\u0131lan kredi miktar\u0131 278 milyon TL iken, 11 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 32 kat artarak 9 milyar TL\u2019yi a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 2008 krizinde kredi borcunu \u00f6deyemeyenlerin borcu 3 milyar TL iken, bug\u00fcn bu rakam\u0131n 3 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda emek\u00e7ileri daha b\u00fcy\u00fck risklerin bekledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bor\u00e7 bata\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131n\u0131rken, H\u00fck\u00fcmetin vergi art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve temel t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik zam planlar\u0131n\u0131n halk\u0131 daha da zor duruma sokmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. 5 milyona yak\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iyi do\u011frudan, t\u00fcm \u00fccretlileri ise dolayl\u0131 olarak etkileyen asgari \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman tutturulamayan \u201chedeflenen enflasyona\u201d g\u00f6re belirlemesi, asgari \u00fccretin sadece rakamsal olarak artmas\u0131na, sat\u0131n al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan her zaman ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen enflasyonun alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131na neden olmaktad\u0131r. Yine kamu emek\u00e7ilerine yap\u0131lan 123 TL\u2019lik art\u0131\u015f\u0131n muhtemel vergi art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve zamlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde buharla\u015fmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

AKP H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda artt\u0131rmak, istihdama yeterli kaynak ay\u0131rmak, asgari \u00fccreti tamamen vergi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak, temel t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki KDV\u2019yi s\u0131f\u0131rlamak, i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7ilerin temel ekonomik ve sosyal ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak \u00fccret politikalar\u0131 uygulamak gibi bir derdi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durum, AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ve Ba\u015fbakan\u2019\u0131n her f\u0131rsatta iddia ettikleri gibi fakir fukaran\u0131n, garip guraban\u0131n de\u011fil, her a\u00e7\u0131dan sermaye \u00e7evrelerinin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n savunucu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 b\u00fct\u00e7esinde sermayenin de\u011fil, halk\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikli olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti 2014 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 \u201ctasarruf\u201d y\u0131l\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. Kamu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kamuya personel al\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki tedbirler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcksek i\u015fsizlik ve durgunluk tehdidi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye halk\u0131n\u0131n 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda daha b\u00fcy\u00fck risklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6ncelikli olarak 2014 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu krize kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretecek bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle kamunun do\u011frudan deste\u011fiyle g\u00fcvenceli istihdam\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi temel yakla\u015f\u0131m olmal\u0131, e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm kamu hizmet alanlar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kamu harcamalar\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak en az iki kat artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Her f\u0131rsatta patronlar\u0131n vergi, prim ve faiz bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 silen h\u00fck\u00fcmet, a\u011f\u0131r bor\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki \u00fccretli emek\u00e7ilerin bor\u00e7 faizlerini tamamen silmeli, bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deme g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7eken milyonlarca ki\u015fiyi ma\u011fdur etmeyecek somut tedbirler almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Her biri birer kentsel rant projesi olarak g\u00fcndeme getirilen \u201cKentsel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Projeleri\u201d durdurulmal\u0131, ihtiyac\u0131 olan herkesin \u00fccretsiz bar\u0131nabilece\u011fi sosyal konutlar in\u015fa edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ba\u015fta elektrik ve do\u011falgaz olmak \u00fczere, 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde temel t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131na herhangi bir zam yap\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Asgari \u00fccret bir ailenin ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde, t\u00fcm \u00fclke i\u00e7in tek rakam olarak belirlenmeli ve tamamen vergi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Artan oranl\u0131 vergi dilimi uygulamas\u0131na son verilmeli, kamu emek\u00e7ilerinin t\u00fcm ek \u00f6demeleri temel \u00fccrete dahil edilerek, emeklilik hesaplamas\u0131na dahil edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n fiilen kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, ta\u015feronla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00f6lgesel asgari \u00fccret ve kiral\u0131k i\u015f\u00e7ilik gibi t\u00fcm emek kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenlemeler derhal geri \u00e7ekilmelidir.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dolayl\u0131 vergiler azalt\u0131lmal\u0131, y\u00fcksek gelirlilerden belli bir oranda \u201cservet vergisi\u201d al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Giderek artan i\u015f cinayetlerini durduracak tedbirler al\u0131nmal\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tedbirlerini almayanlara a\u011f\u0131r yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonomi kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131, sigortas\u0131z i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya asla izin verilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2014 y\u0131l\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak, kamu ad\u0131na yap\u0131lacak harcamalar\u0131n hangi alanlara y\u00f6nelik olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve finansman\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l sa\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlendi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00e7e haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u00fcrecinde, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu gelir ve harcamalar\u0131n muhatab\u0131 olan geni\u015f halk kesimleri, sendikalar, emek ve meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda oldu\u011fu gibi, yine b\u00fct\u00e7e s\u00fcrecinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00e7e gelirlerinin en \u00f6nemli kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan, ba\u015fta \u00fccretli emek\u00e7iler olmak \u00fczere, halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, 2014 b\u00fct\u00e7e harcamalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin talep ve beklentilerinin dikkate bile al\u0131nmamas\u0131 kabul edilemez.<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131n ve emek \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin taleplerinin tamam\u0131yla d\u0131\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131, mutfa\u011f\u0131nda yerli ve yabanc\u0131 tekellerin, uluslararas\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m ve finans \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin beklentilerine paralel olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan 2014 b\u00fct\u00e7esinin, h\u00fck\u00fcmet temsilcilerinin iddia etti\u011fi gibi halk i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir b\u00fct\u00e7e oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
\n
\n

*<\/a> E\u011fitim Sen E\u011fitim Uzman\u0131. (E-mail:<\/b> erkanaydogan@gmail.com).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

*<\/a> 2014 Y\u0131l\u0131 B\u00fct\u00e7e Tasar\u0131s\u0131 Sunumu (www.maliye.gov.tr<\/a>). 22 Ekim 2013.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

*<\/a> TCMB, Hazine ve BDDK verilerinden derlenmi\u015ftir. 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcketici kredisi borcu Temmuz 2013, kredi kart\u0131 bor\u00e7lar\u0131 Ekim 2013 aylar\u0131na aittir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2014 B\u00fct\u00e7esi \u00dczerine -I \u00a0 Dr. Erkan AYDO\u011eANO\u011eLU* \u00a0 B\u00fct\u00e7eler, bir \u00fclke ekonomisinin, ekonomi y\u00f6netimini elinde bulunduran siyaset mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n temel s\u0131n\u0131fsal y\u00f6nelimlerini, b\u00fct\u00e7e gelirlerinin nas\u0131l toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, toplanan gelirden kimlerin ne kadar pay alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden belirlendi\u011fi belgeler olarak, siyasi iktidar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131fsal tercihlerini yans\u0131tan metinlerdir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kapitalist sisteme uyum sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla al\u0131nan 24 Ocak 1980 kararlar\u0131n\u0131n hayata […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}