{"id":466,"date":"2013-12-03T10:16:04","date_gmt":"2013-12-03T08:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/?p=466"},"modified":"2013-12-03T10:16:04","modified_gmt":"2013-12-03T08:16:04","slug":"hedef-tum-egitim-sistemini-dershanelestirmek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/?p=466","title":{"rendered":"Hedef t\u00fcm e\u011fitim sistemini dershanele\u015ftirmek"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"hedef-tum-egitim-sistemini-dershanelestirmekd33351689a8c8e63ab51\"<\/a><\/p>\n

AKP ile G\u00fclen Cemaati aras\u0131ndaki kavga, dershanelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden devam ederken, e\u011fitim sisteminin k\u00f6kl\u00fc sorunlar\u0131, iktidar\u0131n 11 y\u0131ldan beri bu alanda yapt\u0131klar\u0131, yapmak istedikleri g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cE\u011fitimde e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz\u201d, \u201chay\u0131r as\u0131l biz sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz\u201d at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen dershaneler tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim sistemiyle ilgili boyutunu Ankara \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi E\u011fitimin Y\u00f6netimi Ve Politikas\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Prof. Dr. Nejla Kurul\u2019a sorduk. Dershanelerin de \u00f6zel okullar\u0131n da \u201cEn \u00e7ok para harcayanlar\u0131\u201d kazand\u0131ran, mevcut e\u015fitsizli\u011fi daha da derinle\u015ftiren bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten Kurul\u2019a g\u00f6re \u201cDershaneler ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak dershane gibi i\u015fleyen \u2018\u00f6zel ve kamu okullar\u0131\u2019 yarat\u0131lmak isteniyor. Yani hedef t\u00fcm e\u011fitim sistemini \u2018dershanele\u015ftirmek\u2019, \u00fcniversiteler d\u00e2hil\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Dershanelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 AKP ile cemaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 zemininde y\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ancak \u015fu soru daha \u00f6nemli de\u011fil mi; Dershaneleri do\u011furan nedenler nelerdir?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nTart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 e\u011fitim alan\u0131n\u0131n sorunlar\u0131na getirmek istiyorsak bu soru \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli ku\u015fkusuz. Ba\u015fbakan Erdo\u011fan \u201cgarabet\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dershanelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ilk kez 2008\u2019de dillendirdi. Siyasal iktidar\u0131n \u201cgarabet\u201d olarak aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 dershane olgusu, \u201ctuhaf ve normal d\u0131\u015f\u0131 olan\u201d anlam\u0131na geliyor ve AKP iktidara geldi\u011finden beri halk\u0131 bu garabet olgu ile ya\u015fat\u0131yordu. E\u011fitim sisteminin \u201cg\u00f6lge\u201dsi haline gelmi\u015f, ger\u00e7ek \u00f6\u011frenme ihtiyac\u0131ndan kopuk, bu nedenle sahici olmayan, ama okul e\u011fitimine bir bi\u00e7imde e\u015flik eden bu \u201cgarabet\u201d, kendinden m\u00fcnferit k\u00f6t\u00fc insanlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u201ckanser\u201d mi, yoksa e\u011fitimin ve istihdams\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcyen kapitalist sistemin krizinden mi do\u011fdu? \u0130kincisi lehine g\u00f6stergeler \u00e7ok fazla. Dershaneler, gelece\u011fin belirsiz i\u015flerine haz\u0131rlayan rekabet\u00e7i e\u011fitimin, e\u015fitsizlikleri derinle\u015ftiren ideolojik ve iktisadi bir arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak dershane sahipleri \u201cbiz asl\u0131nda e\u011fitimde e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz\u201d iddias\u0131nda. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ise \u201ce\u011fitim sisteminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d iddia ediyor\u2026<\/strong>
\nDershaneler ne halk\u00e7\u0131 ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i projedir ne de kendili\u011finden, durup dururken t\u00fcremi\u015f bir \u2018garabet\u2019tir. Dershaneler, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de e\u011fitimin ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin (istihdams\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcme) i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu krizin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cg\u00f6lge e\u011fitim\u2019 sistemidir. Her ne kadar 4+4+4 ile e\u011fitim sistemi eleyici ve esnek hale getirilmi\u015fse de, emek\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n orta ve \u00fcst gelir katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi aralar\u0131ndaki yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lamad\u0131. Dershaneler ya da dershaneleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 yeni \u00f6zel \u00f6\u011fretim sistemleri, ko\u015fullar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fsal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, etnik, cinsiyet olarak e\u015fit olmayan \u00f6\u011frencilerin girdi\u011fi yar\u0131\u015fta (s\u0131nav), \u201cen \u00e7ok para harcayanlar\u0131\u201d kazand\u0131ran, e\u015fitsizlikleri derinle\u015ftiren bir b\u00fcy\u00fck makinedir. Ancak \u00f6zel okullar da bu e\u015fitsizle\u015ftirici makinenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131.<\/p>\n

Peki, dershanelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 e\u011fitimin kronikle\u015fmi\u015f sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilecek mi?\u00a0<\/strong>
\n\u00d6ncelikle \u015funu belirtmek gerekir; rekabet\u00e7i bir e\u011fitimde dershanelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr, bi\u00e7im de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ancak \u00f6z\u00fc itibar\u0131yla varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan dershanelerin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 e\u011fitimin derinle\u015fen sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeyecek. Dershaneleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan ko\u015fullar nelerdir? Vatanda\u015flar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa g\u00f6re, dershaneler \u2018iyi okullar\u2019a, \u2018iyi \u00fcniversiteler\u2019e gidi\u015fin yolunu a\u00e7an merkezi s\u0131navlarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in var. Neden \u00f6\u011frenciler ve aileler \u2018iyi\u2019 okula gitmek ya da \u2018iyi\u2019 \u00fcniversitelere girmek istiyorlar? Nedeni a\u00e7\u0131k; \u2018iyi liseler\u2019in \u2018iyi \u00fcniversiteler\u2019e, \u2018iyi \u00fcniversiteler\u2019in de \u2018iyi i\u015fler\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alg\u0131s\u0131 var. Vatanda\u015flar e\u011fitimle istihdam aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu varsay\u0131yor. Bu alg\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i mi? Hay\u0131r de\u011fil. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc istihdams\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fcme \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, e\u011fitim ve istihdam aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f adeta kopmu\u015ftur. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7evresi\/birikimi ya da uygun ili\u015fki a\u011flar\u0131 olan az say\u0131da vatanda\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, az say\u0131daki \u2018iyi\u2019 i\u015flere daha kolay girilebiliyor. Geri kalanlar ise k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli, g\u00fcvencesiz, esnek, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli \u2018k\u00f6t\u00fc\u2019 i\u015flere y\u00f6neliyorlar.<\/p>\n

AKP-cemaat gerilimi bir yana, dershaneleri kald\u0131rma plan\u0131n\u0131n, H\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u201ce\u011fitimde reform\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda bug\u00fcne kadar uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 politikalarla ba\u011f\u0131 nedir?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nAKP iktidara geldi\u011finden beri, e\u011fitimin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ve ticarile\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in elinden geleni yap\u0131yor. Buna ra\u011fmen \u00f6zel okullarda okuyan \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n toplam \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131na oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 3\u2019ler d\u00fczeyinde. Ba\u015fta Hizmet Ticareti Genel Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (GATS) ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin e\u011fitimin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesine d\u00f6n\u00fck taleplerine g\u00f6re bu oran d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck. Ger\u00e7ekten AKP sadece i\u00e7 dinamiklere bakm\u0131yor; e\u011fitim d\u00e2hil t\u00fcm hizmet alanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel ticaretini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren emperyalist\/kapitalist k\u00fcresel \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin talimatlar\u0131na bak\u0131yor. E\u011fitim hizmetinin \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi, e\u011fitim alan\u0131n\u0131n canl\u0131 k\u00fcresel ve ulusal bir pazar haline getirilmesi gerekiyor. E\u011fitimi, 4+4+4 ile esnekle\u015ftiren, daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir elek\/kalbur haline getiren, \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck muhafazak\u00e2rla\u015ft\u0131rarak direncin k\u0131r\u0131lmak istendi\u011fi bir sistemle, zorunlu e\u011fitim daha kolay \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir hale getirildi. Dershaneler ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131larak dershane gibi i\u015fleyen \u201c\u00f6zel ve kamu okullar\u0131\u201d yarat\u0131lmak isteniyor. Yani hedef t\u00fcm e\u011fitim sistemini \u2018dershanele\u015ftirmek\u201d, \u00fcniversiteler d\u00e2hil\u2026 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc okuldaki bilgi de \u2018garabetle\u015fiyor\u2019; okullar\u0131n, \u00f6\u011fretmenin ve \u00f6\u011frencinin performans\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131nav sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir sistemle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. B\u00f6yle giderse iyi insan, iyi yurtta\u015f, ele\u015ftirel yurtta\u015f, \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc insan, dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 insan, \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan yeti\u015ftirme amac\u0131 tamamen rafa kald\u0131r\u0131lacak. Okullar ve \u00fcniversiteler, yurt d\u00fczeyinde denk ve e\u015fit hizmet verir hale getirilmedi\u011fi ve i\u015fsizlik \u00f6nlenemedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece bu ac\u0131mas\u0131z yar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecek.<\/p>\n

Sizce nas\u0131l bir e\u011fitim sisteminde \u00f6\u011frenciler dershanelere ihtiya\u00e7 duymayacakt\u0131r?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nNitelikli, demokratik ve vergiler yoluyla finanse edilen, \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i bir e\u011fitim, yani e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 ve nihayetinde \u201c\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131\u201d. Hem de g\u00fcvenceli i\u015flerde, iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, refah\u0131 y\u00fckselten \u00fccret d\u00fczeyinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hakk\u0131. Bu g\u00fcvenceyi sa\u011flayan bir toplumsal sistemde dershanelere ihtiya\u00e7 olmayacak.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ZEL OKULLARA TE\u015eV\u0130K\u0130N \u00d6N\u00dc A\u00c7ILIYOR<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fbakan ve Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131, dershaneleri \u00f6zel okul, a\u00e7\u0131k lise ya da ak\u015fam lisesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcreceklerini, bunun i\u00e7in te\u015fvik vereceklerini hatta \u00f6\u011frenci a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan zararlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Kamu okullar\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 devletten yeterli b\u00fct\u00e7e alamamak de\u011fil mi? Hal b\u00f6yleyken h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bu vaatleri ne anlama geliyor?\u00a0<\/strong>
\nPazar ekonomisinde kamusal irade, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7in \u201cemredici\u201d h\u00fck\u00fcmler koyamaz. Ancak devlet \u00f6zendirici tedbirlerle, \u00f6\u011frenci ba\u015f\u0131na destek, vergi indirimleri, arazi sa\u011flama, hizmet al\u0131m\u0131 gibi te\u015fviklerle \u00f6zel okullar\u0131 desteklemek istiyor; bunu iktidardayken farkl\u0131 zamanlarda denedi. Bunun anlam\u0131, yoksullar\u0131n \u00f6dedi\u011fi vergilerin zenginlere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fclen Cemaati ile Erdo\u011fan merkezli AKP H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma hem devletin stratejik kurumlar\u0131na hem de ba\u015fta gen\u00e7lik olmak \u00fczere toplumun farkl\u0131 sosyal tabakalar\u0131 \u00fczerine h\u00e2kim olma m\u00fccadelesi olarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor olsa da, bu toz duman i\u00e7inde gizlenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan, \u00f6zel okullar\u0131n bol keseden te\u015fvikinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sizce b\u00f6yle bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla e\u011fitimde e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011flamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc?<\/strong>
\nZenginleri seven bir iktidar ve kapitalist sistem var kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok yerinde, hatta Ankara\u2019n\u0131n belediye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nan k\u00f6ylerinde birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131flarda e\u011fitim yap\u0131l\u0131rken, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck eller buz gibi olmu\u015fken, kamu okullar\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ikili \u00f6\u011fretim devam ederken, kent yoksullar\u0131n\u0131n okullar\u0131 en k\u00f6t\u00fc e\u011fitim ortamlar\u0131na sahipken, kalabal\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar, anadilinde e\u011fitim gibi sorunlar dururken, \u00f6zel okullar\u0131 te\u015fvik \u201chalk\u00e7\u0131 ve e\u015fitlik\u00e7i\u201d bir politika de\u011fildir. Ana dilinde e\u011fitim hakk\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zel okullara b\u0131rakan, bu hakk\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 K\u00fcrt yoksullar\u0131na kapatan bir anlay\u0131\u015fla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.
\nE\u015fitlik\u00e7i e\u011fitim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin neresinde do\u011farsa do\u011fsun her \u00e7ocu\u011fa e\u011fitim hakk\u0131 sunmak demektir; nitelikli, bilimsel, kamuca finanse edilen, \u00e7ocuk ve gen\u00e7leri \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftiren bir demokratik bir e\u011fitim vermeyi g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak demektir.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AKP ile G\u00fclen Cemaati aras\u0131ndaki kavga, dershanelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden devam ederken, e\u011fitim sisteminin k\u00f6kl\u00fc sorunlar\u0131, iktidar\u0131n 11 y\u0131ldan beri bu alanda yapt\u0131klar\u0131, yapmak istedikleri g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cE\u011fitimde e\u015fitli\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz\u201d, \u201chay\u0131r as\u0131l biz sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz\u201d at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen dershaneler tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitim sistemiyle ilgili boyutunu Ankara \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Bilimleri Fak\u00fcltesi E\u011fitimin Y\u00f6netimi Ve Politikas\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":467,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.es-ses.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}